unger



(No Model.) a SheetsSheet 1. E. UNGER 85 P. F. KRUG. KINETOGRAPHICCAMERA.

No. 596,687. Patented Jan. 4,1898.

q v itmaooc a (No Model.) a Sheets-Sheet 2. E. UNGER 8: P. F. KRUG.

KINETOGRAPHIO CAMERA.

No. 596,687; Patented Jan. 4, 1898.

g 83:0 y W Y? ms mum PEYEns CO1PHOTLLLIYHCL.WASHINGTON D c 3 SheetsSheet8.

Patented Jan. 4, 1898.

B. UNGER & P. F. KRUG. KINETOGRAPHIU CAMERA.

llill lllI! Ill (No Model.)

IIIH

DEIDDEIEIEIEICJEI IST/LIZQZZIEOLJ" y M Z "a ERNEST UNGER AND PHILIP F.KRUG, OF NEW YORK, N.

PATENT EEieE.

KINETOG RAPHIG CAM ERA.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 596,687,

dated January 4, 1 898.

Application filed December 10,1896. Serial No. 615,106. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, ERNEST UNGER and PHILIP F. KRUG, citizens of theUnited States,

' and residents of the city of New York, county of New York, and Stateof New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in aCombined Camera and Projecting Apparatus, of which the following is aspecification.

By the use of the combined camera and projecting apparatus invented byus photographs or other pictures representing bodies in positionsoccupied by them in quick succession may be reproduced upon a screen inlike succession, so as to thereby give to the observer the impressionthat he is looking upon such bodies while in continuous motion, and ourapparatus may also be employed in taking such photographs upon aproperlyprepared film.

The objects of our invention are to so construct a combined camera andprojecting apparatus that the principal parts of it may be utilizedeither in reproducing pictures or in taking pictures, also to employsuitable mechanical movement-s in the apparatus, whereby upon revolvingthe main actuating-shaft at a slow speed rapid intermittent motion ofthe film may be produced.

Further objects are to secure proper contact between the film and aguide-drum over which it is made to pass, also to so adjust the speed ofthe reel which receives the film after it has been passed through theapparatus that pulling on the portion of the film which is intransitthrough the apparatus may be avoided.

lVe accomplish these and other useful objects by the means hereinafterdescribed, and set forth more particularly in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure1 represents a vertical section of an apparatus constructed according toour invention, such section being laid principallyalong its main axis,driving-disk 99 and idler 102, however, being also shown in a centralvertical section. Fig. 2 is a vertical crosssection along line 2 2 inFig. 1, looking toward the left, portions of the main driving-disksbeing broken off, so as to expose the mechanism'in their rear. Theremaining figures represent details drawn to an enforcing contactbetween the film and enlarged scale, Fig. 3 representing a side view,and Fig. an end View, of a mechanical movement for producingintermittent movement of the film. Fig. 5 is a section along line 5 5 inFig. 1, showing also a plan of guiding-drum 50. Fig. 6 is a sectionalong line 6 6 in Fig. 1, looking upward, with special reference toappliances for maintaining and guiding-drum 50. Fig. 7 is a sectionthrough the main driving-disks and connecting portions of the mechanismfor operating the apparatus. Fig. 8 is a side view, and Fig. 9 an endview, of a plate for guiding the film and a tension-plate and of thedevices connecting the same, while Fig. 10 shows a modification of theguiding-drum, which is particularly applicable at the time when theapparatus is being used for taking pictures.

Corresponding letters and numerals of ref erence throughout thedifferent views refer to corresponding parts.

21 is a base-plate on which are mounted frames 22, 23, 2t, 25, and 26.Frame 25 is adapted to move along aslot 27in base-plate 21 in thedirection of the main axis of the apparatus and to be secured in adesired position by set-screw 28, while frame 20' is adapted to movealong a similar slot 29 and to be secured in its proper position byset-screws 3O 30.

31 is a reel mounted upon a forked support 32, which latter is attachedto the top of frame 22.

is a lilm made of properly-prepared celluloid or other suitable materialupon which the negatives of pictures which are to be rcproduced arecontained or upon which such negatives are to be produced.

34 is a shaft revolubly mounted in bearings and 36 011 frame 23 andcarrying at its left end a disk 37.

38 is a plate for guiding film Said guiderplate is secured to the upperportion of frame 22.

39 is a tension-plate yieldiugly mounted on plate 38. Film 33 is drawnalong and between said two plates in manner hereinafter described.

40 is an aperture within plate 38, and 4C1 an aperture within plate 39.These two apertures are of corresponding positions and are locateddirectly opposite to that portion of film 33 containing the picturewhich is to be reproduced.

42 42 are oblong caps resting upon the ends of plate 39, and a3 43screw-threaded studs passing through caps 42 and plates 39 and 38. Thesestuds are provided with oblong heads 4-4: and with nuts 45. 46 arespiral springs placed around said studs and interposed between nuts &5and caps a2.

47 47 are abutments on plate 39, which prevent caps 42 from movinginwardtoward each other, while 48 &8 are pins on the other side of plate 38,which prevent heads at from moving outward. 49 are lateral slotsin saidplate 38, running toward its outer edges, within which studs t3 may bemoved.

It will be seen that after proper tension has been applied to springset6 through nuts 45 abutments 4:7 and pins 48 will confine studs 43 inthe positions indicated in the drawings, and springs 4L6 will then forcetension-plate 39 toward guide-plate 38 under elastic pressure, while ifit be desired to remove said tension-plate this can be done by pushingnuts 45 toward plate 39 sufficiently to cause heads at to clear pins 48,when it will be possible to slide said studs, together with their headslt, nuts 4:5, springs 46, and caps or washers 42, outward along slots 19and to thereby entirely detach said studs, together with caps 42, fromcontact with the tension-platc,whereupon the latter will be freed andbecome detached from the apparatus.

After passing between plates 38 and 39 film 33 is conducted around aboutone-quarter of the surface of a drum 50. This drum consists of twohead-plates 51 and 52 and a connecting-shell 53 and is provided with anaxle 54, mounted in suitable bearings upon frame 55 55 are two rubberbands encircling said drum. They are intended to serve as supports offilm while passing around part of the shell of the drum, and by theadhesive quality of the rubber slipping of the film along thecircumference of the shell of the drum will be prevented.

56 56 are studs on the front face of drum 50, placed substantiallyparallel with its axle. The same are adapted to engage with teeth 57 ona disk 58, which disk is secured to and revolves with shaft 34. 59 aregrooves in the peripheral surface of said disk of sufficient widths toguide studs 56 and permit the same to travel within said grooves andfrom one face of said disk to its opposite face while said disk isrevolving. Teeth 57 form portions of a steep screw-thread in such a manner that as shaft 34: and with it disk 58 are being turned in thedirection of the arrow in Fig. 3 the right face of disk 58 will slidealong such stud 56 as may then be in contact with it until such studreaches the first groove 59. hen this occurs, such stud, meetin the rearslanting face of one of the teeth 57, will thereby be guided graduallyinto and along said groove until it approaches the left-hand face ofdisk 58 and there passes out of the groove. Prior to its leaving thisgroove the next adjoining stud 56, which is thus being drawn toward theright-hand face of disk 58, comes in contact with the outer surface ofthe next tooth 57 and is being guided along the same until it reachesthe right-hand face of said disk at the base of said tooth, when itremains stationary until the rear side of the next tooth 57 strikes it,and it likewise is co1npelled to pass through one of the grooves 50 tothe left-hand face of disk 58. By placing studs 56 56 substantiallyparallel with the axle of drum 50 we are enabled to bring disk 58opposite to and in close proximity with the face of drum 50, therebyobtaining a very compact and efficient structure. It will be seen thatwhen there are thirteen studs on the face of drum 50, as shown in thedrawings, drum 50 will make one-thirteenth of a revolution every timethat one of its studs so passes from the right-hand face to the lefthandface of disk 58, and that it will remain stationary during thoseintervals during which the flat portions of the faces of said disk slidealong two of its studs, and that thereby an intermittent revolvingmotion of said drum is produced, the speed of which depends upon thenumber of studs provided on its face, the number of teeth and grooves ondisk 58, and the speed with which disk 58 and its shaft 3% are beingrevolved. The movement so given to said drum is imparted by it to film33 while said film is being held against part of its periphery underyielding pressure, and for this purpose the following means areemployed:

60 is a double-T-shaped frame provided with a slot 61, through whichpasses a detachable pin 62, the ends of which also pass through thewalls of frame 23.

63 and 6% are shafts mounted in the arms of frame 60 and carryingrollers 65 and 66, respectively, and 67 an endless belt made of .rubberor similar material placed around said rollers.

68 is a leaf-spring fastened to frame 23 and resting against the lowerend of lever 60, so as to force the same and rollers 65 66 and band 67toward the periphery of drum 50 and to thereby confine film 33 incontact with portions of its shell, whereby the intermittent motion ofsaid drum is imparted to said film, and such movement of said film stepby step past apertures 40 ll may be produced in such manner that at eachstep a new pic ture is made to appear opposite such apertures. Tofurther enforce operative contact between film and the shell of drum 50,we mount double levers 168 on pin 63, and near their upper ends mountupon the same a pin 69, carrying a roller 70, provided on its face withelastic bands 71, placed opposite rubber bands 55 on shell 58, and bymeans of springs 72 72, secured to lever 60, we so force said levers168, and with them roller 70, toward film 33 as to hold said filmagainst shell 53. It

IIO

will be seen that by withdrawing pin 62 rollers 65, 60, and 70, togetherwith their mountings, may be simultaneously detached from the apparatus.

73 is a reel for receiving film 33 after it has passed along portion ofthe periphery of drum 50. Its shaft 74 is mounted upon frame As thefilms employed in appliances of this kind are frequently of greatlength, it is of much importance to so regulate the speed of thereceiving-reels that as the circumference of the body of film upon sucha reel increases its speed may be retarded to avoid pulling upon andpossible breaking of such film. To accomplish this we employ thefollowing means:

75 is a bearing on frame 245, and 7G a hollow shaftwithin said bearingand carrying a friction-disk 77. One end of shaft 74c is provided with ascrew-thread serving to secure it to the end of a spindle 78, whichspindle is detachably inserted within hollow shaft 76, so as to be madeto revolve with said shaft and to be capable of imparting motion offriction-disk 77 to reel 73 and of permitting the rem oval of said reelwhen desired.

79 is a shaft having fixedly secured to it nearone end a roller 80 infrictional contact with head-plate 52 of drum 50 and carrying nearer itsother end a roller 81, so mounted as to be capable of sliding along alongitudinal groove 82, provided on said shaft, and of being held infrictional contact with the face of disk 77 during such movement.

83 is a lever swinging around a pin 81, screwed into frame 24. Near itsupper end said lever carries a roller 80, adapted to rest against thesurface of film 33 as the same is being wound upon reel 73. Underneathsaid roller there is provided within lever 83 an eye 87, forming thebearings for the shank of a fork 88.

89 is a neck on roller 81, having two flanges 90 90, between which thetwo prongs of said fork are placed on both sides of said neck. Spiralspring 91, interposed between the head of pin Sat and lever 83, servesto force said lever toward disk 77 and to thereby produce frictionalcontact between the latter and roller 81. The upper end of shaft 79 isrevolubly mounted within an eye 92 at the end of a spindle 93, which iscapable of aslight revolving movement within a tube 94, passing throughan opening 95 within frame :24 and held in position by jam-nuts 96 96,secured to its screwthreaded end at both sides of said opening in frame2%. Proper frictional contact between head 52 and roller 80 can beproduced with the aid of such screw-thread.

97 is a screw at the head of shaft 79 for holding it in its properposition with reference to its upper bearing.

As the body of film on reel 73 increases in diameter lever 83 willthereby be swung to the left, Fig. 1, carrying with it fork SS, andthereby moving roller 81 along its shaft 79 and producing atthe sametime a slight swinging motion of said shaft, which is possible onaccount of the slight revolving motion permitted to spindle 93 withintube 94. Motion is imparted to reel 73 from drum 50 throughfriction-roller 80, shaft 79, friction-roller 81, friction-disk 77, andshafts 70 and 74:, and by carrying friction-roller S1 outward toward theperiphery of friction-disk 77 as the diameter of the roll of film uponreel 73 increases, as described above, it will be seen that withoutvarying the movement of drum 50 the speed of reel 73 will be retarded asthe diameter of the body of film on said reel increases and that therebypulling on the film as it passes through the apparatus will be guardedagainst. As explained above, in order to produce the proper effect thepictures upon the film must be reproduced in rapid succession. Thiscalls for a very rapid revolution of axle 3a, and this we produce by thefollowing means:

97 is the main operating-shaft of the apparatus. The same is revolublymounted within two bearings 98 at the ends of frame 23, one of saidbearings only being shown in Fig. 1. 99 is a disk secured to said shaftand provided with a flange 100 and a knob or handle 101 for revolvingit.

102 is an idler or disk free to revolve upon shaft 97.

103 is a tapering or conical plug capable of sliding along the end ofshaft 34: and adapted to fit into the space between flange 100 and disk102, so as to be capable of revolving within such space and to receiveits motion through frictional contact with the inner surface of saidflange 100, the latter and the periphery of disk 102 being made sloping,so as to conform with the slope of said plug. 10a is a splint at the endof shaft 3a, fitting into a proper groove in the interior of said plugto guide the latter along shaft 3% and to compel said two parts torevolve together.

105 is a spiral spring around shaft 34 and interposed between a washer106, adjoining casing 36, and plug 103, and serving to at all times keepsaid plug in frictional contact with rim 100 and the periphery of disk102. Owing to the great difference between the average diameters of theinterior surface of said flange 100 and of plug 103, revolution of disk99 at moderate speed, as may readily be produced by hand, will causevery rapid motion of shaft 3%. However, instead of revolving disk 99 byhand any other suitable mode of propelling the same may be employed.

1.07 107 are three openings in disk 37, so shaped and located that theirinterior borders a lie on a circle which passes through the corners ofapertures 40 4:1 which are nearest to shaft 31, while their exteriorborders lie on a circle passing through those corners of apertures a0 41which are farthest removed from said shaft, while their remainingborderlines c and d, which are shown to be curved, but which insteadmight be made straight, are so located as to permit of entirelyobscuring apertures 40 t]. when those portions of disk 37 IIO which liebetween adjoining openings 107 pass over the same, and that said lines oand (Z while passing over the central portions of apertures 40 and 4.1will assume approximately horizontal positions, thus securing, as nearlyas practicable, a uniform lighting up and afterward darkening ofapertures 40 and i1 across their entire widths by the passage over thesame of borders 0 and cl, respectively. The number of openings 107 andtheir positions on disk 37 so correspond with the number and positionsof teeth 57 and slots 59 on disk 58 that one of the openings 107 will always be maintained directly opposite apertures 40 ll while the flatportions of the faces of disk 58 slide along the studs 56 nearestthereto, and that during the passage of one of said studs through a slot59 one of the portions of disk 37, between openings 107, will be passingover apertures 40 41, thereby temporarily obscuring the same.

108 is a lens-box mounted upon frame 26, so as to bring the axes of itslenses 100 and 110 exactly in line with apertures 40 and 11.

111 111 are the carbons of a suitable arelight, while 112 is a watercell or reservoir of usual construction for protecting the mainapparatus containing the film against the heat from are -lamp 111 111,projected through lenses 109 110. 113 are glass plates forming part ofsaid reservoir through which the electric light is made to pass.

114 is an objective mounted upon frame 25 and containing lenses 115,116, and 117. 118 is a cap for closing the mouth of said obj eetive, and119 are the bellows, so attached to frames 22 and 25 that they will bedrawn out as frame 25 is being moved away from frame 22.

O is a circular hole in frame 22. The joint axis of objective 11st andhole Ocoincides with the axis of lens-cell 108.

120 shows in dotted lines a cover, which may be so placed over the partsof the apparatus mounted on frame 22, 23, and 2% as to prevent any lightpassing to film through apertures 40 and 11.

\Vhile negatives of pictures are being pro duced upon the film it is ofparticular importance to have said film pass along the surface of itsguide-drum with perfect regularity and without the possibility of itsslipping along the same, and to secure this result it may be best tosubstitute during that opera tion for the drum 5O heretofore described adrum Fig. 10, carrying along its shell at regular intervals in two rowsteeth 121,which are adapted to engage with corresponding perforations122 in film 33, whereby slipping of the film will be prevented. On theother hand, after the negatives have been taken and when during theprojecting of the same upon a screen such absolute regularity in movingthe film is not required drum 50, with its rubber bands placed oppositeperforations 122, should be employed, as such reproductions from thesame film are of frequent occurrence, and the repeated engagement ofteeth 121 with perforations'122 would tend to destroy the film. However,either drum 50 or drum 50 may be employed both during the taking ofpictures and the reproducing of the same.

123 is a supporting-plate, upon which plate 21 is pivotally mounted, 12lbeing the joint pivot of said two plates.

125 is the main support for the apparatus. The same carries in suitablevertical slots 126 a horizontal shaft 127, which serves as a fulcrumaround which plate 123 may be rocked.

128 128 are set-screws working in proper slots 129 in vertical flanges011 plate 123 for maintaining said plate under a proper angle withsupport 125. By the use of the instrumentalities last described anydirection desired may be given to the main axis of the apparatus.

\Vhen the apparatus is to be used for taking pictures, cap 118 must beremoved, while cover 120 is kept in position, and then the upperleft-hand portion of the apparatus, Fig. 1, embodying objective 114,will perform the function of a photographers camera, and in order toproduce the negatives in proper succession disk 99 will have to berevolved, thus causing quick, partial,and intermittent revolutions ofshaft 31-. This will produce the de sired step-by-step movement of film33, cans ing a negative to be taken at each intermission in the movementand the film to be yieldingly held against and conducted along itsguide-drum 50 or 50, while the mechanism for regulating the speed ofreceiving-reel 73 will be actuated, all as described above. On the otherhand, when pictures are to be proj ected upon a screen placed at rightangles to themain axis of the apparatus and to the left of objective 11,Fig. 1, cover 120 will have to be removed and arc-lamp 111 111 lighted,after which by the rays of the latter the negatives or pictures uponfilm 33 will be projected through objective 11-1 upon such screen,operation of the apparatus in other respects being the same asdescribed. Instead of having the axes of the objective and the lenscellcoincide, reflected light from an artificial source of light or sunlightmight be projected upon film 33 and through the objective, so as toreproduce the pictures upon a screen. It will readily be seen that manyof the mechanical features and details embodied in our apparatus mightbe changed without departing from the spirit of our invention.

\Ve claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. Thecombination with a suitable frame, of an objective, a guide-drum adaptedto engage with a film and to draw the same past the axis of theobjective, means for impartin g intermittent revolving motion to saiddrum, and a spring-actuated shoe adapted to enforce contact between thefilm and said drum.

2. The combination with a suitable frame, of a guide-drum provided witha contact-surface with which different portions of the film successivelyengage, means for imparting intermittent motion to said drum, rollersadapted to be moved toward the drum and a band passing over said rollersfor the purpose of enforcing contact between film and drum.

3. The combination with a suitable frame, of a guide-drum adapted toengage with a film, means for imparting intermittent motion to saiddrum, a shoe, and an auxiliary shoe hinged to aforesaid shoe, bothadapted to be forced toward the drum under yielding pressure, for thepurpose of enforcing contact be tween film and drum.

4. The combination with a suitable frame, of a guide-drum adapted toengage with a film, means for imparting intermittent motion to saiddrum, a shoe adapted to be forced toward the drum under yieldingpressure, an auxiliary shoe and a spring attached to aforesaid shoe andadapted to force the auxiliary shoe toward said drum.

5. The combination with a suitable frame, of a guide-drum provided witha contact-surface with which different portions of the film successivelyengage, means for forcing the film toward said contact-surface, and anelastic band upon the periphery of said drum adapted to receive saidfilm.

6. The combination with a suitable frame, of a guide-drum adapted toengage with a film provided with perforations along its edges, means forforcing the film toward the drum, and a pair of elastic bands upon theperiphcry of the drum adapted to cover the perforations in such film.

7. The combination with a suitable frame,

of a supply-reel and a receiving-reel, a guidedrum adapted to engagewith a film, means for imparting uniform intermittent motion thereto, ashoe adapted to force the film against said drum and independentautomatic means for reducing the speed of the receiving-reel as thediameter of the body of film wound upon it increases.

8. The combination with a frame, of a guideplate and a tension-plate,both provided with corresponding apertures, guides along which thetension-plate is adapted to travel in positions parallel with theguide-plate, means for conductinga film between said plates and a springfor enforcing contact between the film and the adjoining surfaces ofsaid plates.

9. The combination with a frame, of a guide plate and a tension-plate,both provided with corresponding apertures, means for conducting a filmbetween said plates, studs passing through said plates, proper rests forsaid studs when in their operative positions and springs for maintainingthe studs in such positions, the stud-holes in the plates being extendedlaterally whereby the studs may be removed laterally for the purpose ofdetaching the tension-plate.

10. The combination with a suitable frame, of the main driving-shaft, aflanged disk secured thereto, an idler upon said shaft, a sec ond shaft,a shoe at its end, and means for holding said shoe in frictional contactwith the interior surface of the flange and with the circumference ofsaid idler.

11. The combination with a suitable frame, of the main driving-shaft, aflanged disk secured thereto, an idler upon said shaft, a second shaft,a shoe adapted to slide along its end, and a spring adapted to hold saidshoe in frictional contact with the interior surface of the flange andwith the circumference of said idler.

12. The combination with a receiving-reel, of means for feeding a filmto said reel, a swinging lever, a contactroller on said lever adapted toengage with the film on said reel, a friction-disk on said reel, a shaftactuated by the feeding mechanism, a friction-roller adapted to travelalong said shaft and to engage with said friction-disk, and means forimparting motion of said lever to said friction-roller.

13. The combination with a receiving-reel of a friction-disk thereon, arevolving drum, means for conducting a film along said drum to saidreel, a swinging lever, a contact-roller on said lever adapted to engagewith the film on said reel, a shaft, a friction-roller on said shaft incontact with said drum, a second friction-roller adapted to travel alongsaid shaft and in contact with said friction-disk and to be movedoutward from the axis of the reel as the body of film 011 said reelincreases in diameter.

14. The combination with a suitable frame, of a reel, means for feedinga film to said reel, a friction-disk on the reel, a friction-roller heldin contact with said disk, means for imparting motion to said rollerfrom the operating mechanism of the apparatus, and means for moving thefriction-roller toward the periphery of the friction-disk as thediameter of the body of film on the reel is increased.

15. The combination with a suitable frame, of means for guidinga filmthrough the frame, an objective, a rectangular opening being provided inthe frame in the rear of the film and a disk adjusted to revolve betweenthe film and the objective and provided with apertures capable ofpassing over said opening, the inner and outer border-lines of saidapertures being parts of circles passing substantially through the innerand the outer corners of said opening, and the connecting borderlinesbeing located so as to occupy approximately horizontal positions whenpassing over the central section of said opening, all substantially asset forth.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our invention we have signedour names, in presence of two witnesses, this 7th day of De cember,1896.

ERNEST UN GER. PHILIP F. KRUG= Witnesses:

GHAs. L. I-IoRAoK, GEORGE W. DEASE.

IIO

